Table 1.
Demographic characteristics for the dementia, MCI, and SCI groups
| N | Dementia | MCI | SCI | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (N=70) | (N=30) | (N=15) | ||
| Age | 115 | 81.5 (77.8–85.0) | 81.0 (77.8–85.0) | 79.5 (75.0–83.0) |
| Female, n (%) | 115 | 37 (52.9) | 15 (50.0) | 9 (60.0) |
| Education level (1–4) | 113 | 2.0 (1–3) | 2.0 (2–3) | 2.0 (2–3) |
| MMSE, points (0–30) | 115 | 21.0 (17.8–25.0) | 26.5 (24.0–28.0) | 28.0 (26.0–30.0) |
| GDS (0–100) | 112 | 20.0 (6.7–28.8) | 20.0 (6.7–38.3) | 33.3 (6.7–53.3) |
| CVD present, n (%) | 112 | 50 (71.4) | 21 (72.4) | 7 (53.8) |
| Diabetes present, n (%) | 112 | 19 (27.1) | 7 (24.1) | 0 (0) |
| WMH (0–1), n (%) | 112 | 38 (55.1) | 13 (44.8) | 6 (42.9) |
| GCA (0–1), n (%) | 113 | 43 (62.3) | 15 (50.0) | 7 (50.0) |
| MTA | 115 | |||
| MTA 0, n (%) | 5 (7.1) | 10 (33.3) | 9 (60.0) | |
| MTA 1, n (%) | 35 (50.0) | 12 (40.0) | 2 (13.3) | |
| MTA 2, n (%) | 30 (42.9) | 8 (26.7) | 4 (26.7) | |
| Moderate–severe pain presence, n (%) | 110 | 17 (25) | 6 (22.2) | 4 (26.7) |
| Pain intensity, (0–10) | 110 | 0 (0–3.50) | 0 (0–3.00) | 1 (0–5.00) |
| Analgesic use, n (%) | 115 | 20 (28.6) | 5 (16.7) | 6 (40.0) |
Notes: Presented as median (IQR) unless specified otherwise. Education level reflects the adapted Verhage scale. GDS is based on a relative score to account for data loss by dividing the number of points by the questions answered. WMH, GCA, and MTA involve recoded scores. Mild–severe pain referrers to an NRS score of 4–10. GCA is dichotomized based on the scores ≤1 (=0) and ≥2 (=1), MTA category 0 included scores 0–1, category 1 included score 1.5–2, and category 2 included scores 2.5–4, SCI – subjective cognitive impairment, WMH is dichotomized based on the scores ≤1(=0) and ≥2 (=1). In order to account for this data loss, a relative score was calculated by dividing the number of points on the GDS by the number of questions answered.
Abbreviations: CVD, cardiovascular disease; GCA, global cortical atrophy; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; MTA, medial temporal atrophy; SCI, subjective cognitive impairment; WMH, white matter hyperintensities.