Table 2.
Patient baseline characteristics
| Number of patients [n (%)] | 800 | (100) |
| ASA physical status 1 [n (%)] | 120 | (15.0) |
| 2 [n (%)] | 348 | (43.5) |
| 3 [n (%)] | 332 | (41.5) |
| 4 [n (%)] | 0 | (0) |
| Stage of pain chronification … MPSS I [n (%)] | 46 | (5.8) |
| …MPSS II [n (%)] | 286 | (35.8) |
| …MPSS III [n (%)] | 468 | (58.5) |
| Chronic pain severity …stage 1 [n (%)] | 0 | (0.0) |
| …stage 2 [n (%)] | 55 | (6.9) |
| …stage 3 [n (%)] | 284 | (35.5) |
| …stage 4 [n (%)] | 461 | (57.6) |
| Tailored treatment target [TTT, mm VAS; mean ± SD (median; range)] | 26.6±9.7 | (25; 10–64) |
| Lowest 24-hour pain intensity [LPI, mm VAS; mean ± SD (median; range)] | 18.6±18.8 | (12; 0–88) |
| Average 24-hour pain intensity [API, mm VAS; mean ± SD (median; range)] | 48.6±20.4 | (48: 0–100) |
| Highest 24-hour pain intensity [HPI, mm VAS; mean ± SD (median; range)] | 73.3±22.1 | (80; 4–100) |
| 24-hr. Pain intensity index [PIX, mm VAS; mean ± SD (median; range)] | 46.8±16.2 | (48; 2.7–89.3) |
| Patients with PIX ≥30 mm VAS [n (%)] | 673 | (84.1) |
| Patients with PIX ≥50 mm VAS [n (%)] | 353 | (44.1) |
| Patients with PIX ≥70 mm VAS [n (%)] | 60 | (7.5) |
| Patients with PIX ≥TTT [n (%)] | 693 | (86.6) |
| PDQ7 [NRS35; mean ± SD (median; range)] | 19.0±5.4 | (19; 0–35) |
| Clinical pain phenomenology …nociceptive [n (%)] | 54 | (6.8) |
| …mixed [n (%)] | 249 | (31.1) |
| …neuropathic [n (%)] | 497 | (62.1) |
| Pain-related disabilities in daily life [mPDI1–7, mm VAS; mean ± SD (median; range)] | 66.2±17.4 | (68; 7–96) |
| Patients with mPDI1–7≥50 mm VAS [n (%)] | 626 | (78.3) |
| Pain-related sleep problems [mPDI6, mm VAS; mean ± SD (median; range)] | 66.3±23.0 | (69; 0–100) |
| Patients with relevant sleep problems [ie mPDI6≥50 mm VAS; n (%)] | 561 | (70.1) |
| Overall well-being [MQHHF, NRS5; mean ± SD (median; range)] | 1.5±1.0 | (1.0; 0.0–4.9) |
| Patients with MQHHF ≤2.0 [n (%)] | 626 | (78.3) |
| Physical quality-of-life [SF12-PCS; mean ± SD (median; range)] | 34.7±7.0 | (34.0; 18.9–63.6) |
| Patients with SF12-PCS ≤40 [n (%)] | 629 | (78.6) |
| Mental quality-of-life [SF12-MCS; mean ± SD (median; range)] | 42.6±12.0 | (39.0; 21.8–72.0) |
| Patients with SF12-MCS ≤40 [n (%)] | 432 | (54.0) |
| Depression [DASS-D, NRS21; mean ± SD (median; range)] | 16.5±4.1 | (18; 4–21) |
| Patients with extreme depression [DASS-D ≥14; n (%)] | 664 | (83.0) |
| Anxiety [DASS-A, NRS21; mean ± SD (median; range)] | 14.4±4.5 | (15; 0–21) |
| Patients with extreme anxiety [DASS-A ≥10; n (%)] | 693 | (86.6) |
| Stress [DASS-S, NRS21; mean ± SD (median; range)] | 17.9±2.1 | (18; 15–21) |
| Patients with extreme stress [DASS-S ≥17; n (%)] | 547 | (68.4) |
Abbreviations: ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status Classification System; MPSS, Mainz Pain Staging System; PDQ, pain detect questionnaire; mPDI, modified pain disability index; MQHFF, Marburg Questionnaire on Habitual Health Findings; SF12, Short From 12 Health Survey; PCS, physical component score; MCS, mental component score; DASS, Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale; NRS, Numerical Rating Scale.