FIG 4.

ZnLla disrupts H. pylori cell membranes and generates reactive oxygen species. (A) Uptake of N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (NPN) by H. pylori G27 cells after treatment of PBS (negative control) and 80 μg/ml polymyxin B (positive control), ZnLla, Lla, or ZnCl₂. (B) The release of ATP from H. pylori cells after each treatment as shown in panel A. (C) Morphology alterations of H. pylori cells following exposure to PBS or ZnLla (80 μg/ml). (D) Fluorescence microscopic images (left) and bright-field images (right) of DCF⁺-labeled H. pylori stained with DCFDA after the incubation with PBS and 80 μg/ml polymyxin B or ZnLla. (E) The ratios of DCF⁺ cells incubated with each treatment calculated by manually counting under a microscope. Data represent medians ± SD of the results from three independent experiments.