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. 2019 May 20;10:543. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00543

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Copyright © 2019 Song, Rahman, Jha, Gupta, Park, Kim, Lee, Lee, Sim, Bae, Lee and Suk.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of GNF-2 on CFA-induced paw edema and inflammatory pain behaviors. (A) To investigate the role of c-Abl in CFA-induced inflammatory pain phenotypes, GNF-2 were administered into hind paw 30 min before the intraplantar injection of CFA at the indicated time points as shown in the experimental outline. Paw edema and pain responses were measured at 6 h, 1, 3, and 5 d post-CFA injection. In the ipsilateral sides, CFA injection increased paw thickness (B) and reduced PWL to heat (C) as well as PWT to force (D) when compared with vehicle-injected control animals. The CFA-induced paw edema and pain hypersensitivity were attenuated in the GNF-2-injected mice (1 and 10 mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner. No significant change in paw edema or pain-related behavior was observed in the contralateral sides and vehicle-injected animals. ^∗p < 0.05 vs. vehicle + CFA injected animals Student’s t test; n = 3 for each group; data are represented as mean ± SEM. d, day (s).