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. 2019 May 20;10:543. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00543

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Copyright © 2019 Song, Rahman, Jha, Gupta, Park, Kim, Lee, Lee, Sim, Bae, Lee and Suk.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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c-Abl expression in the STZ-induced neuropathic pain model. (A) STZ and GNF-2 were administered intraperitoneally as shown in the experimental outline. (B) The expression of c-Abl mRNA in the spinal cord tissues after STZ injection was evaluated by conventional RT-PCR. (C) Quantification for the mRNA expression is displayed as fold change of gene expression normalized to GAPDH. (D) Glial expression of c-Abl (arrows) was confirmed by co-staining with GFAP, a marker of astrocyte GFAP (an astrocyte marker). ^∗p < 0.05 vs. vehicle-treated control animals; ^#p < 0.05 between the indicated groups; unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test; n = 3 for each group; data are represented as mean ± SEM. Scale bar, 100 and 200 μm.