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. 2019 May 23;5(5):e01627. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01627

Table 3.

Summary of experimental and theoretical works related to Thermosyphon using nanofluids.

Literature Desc. of Working Medium Desc. of operating parameters Critique Outcome Year
Noie et al. [28] Types of nanofluids: Al2O3/water
% concentration: 1–3 v%
Particle size (nm): 20		 Heat Load (W): 50, 100, 150, 200
Surface temperature (°C): 28-58
  • o

    Efficiency was increased up to 14.7% as compared with pure water.

 2009
Huminic et al. [29] Types of nanofluids: Iron oxide/DI Water
% concentration: 2.0, 5.3 %
Filling ratio: 12% HP
Particle size (nm): 4-5		 Orientation (Deg.): 45, 90
Surface temperature (°C): 25-65
  • o

    Thermal resistance of thermosyphon with iron oxide nanofluid had lower than DI water.

  • o

    Thermal resistance was decreased by increasing concentration.

 2011
Parametthanuwat et al. [30] Types of nanofluids: Ag/water
% concentration: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 w%
Filling ratio: 30, 40, 80 % VEvap. 		Heat Load: 0–4 kW/m2
Surface temperature (°C): 60, 70, 80
  • o

    Highest heat flux of 25 kW/m2 and highest effectiveness of 0.3 were achieved at 50 % filling ratio and 1 wt% concentration.

 2011
Huminic et al. [31] Types of nanofluids: Fe2O3/water
% concentration: 2, 5.3 v%
Particle size (nm): 4-5		 Orientation (Deg.): 60, 70, 80, 90
Heat Load (W): 60, 70, 80, 90
Surface temperature (°C): 60-90
  • o

    Experimental and numerical results showed better heat transfer characteristics of thermosyphon using nanofluid as compared with water.

 2013
Kamyar et al. [32] Types of nanofluids: Al2O3, TiSiO4/water
% concentration: 0.01, 0.02, 0.05, 0.075 v%
Particle size (nm): 13, 50		 Heat Load (W): 40, 70, 120, 180, 210
Surface temperature (°C): 20-80
Pressure: -0.9 bar
  • o

    Thermal resistance was decreased by 65% with 0.05 v% Al2O3 and 57% with 0.075 v% TiSiO4 nanofluids.

 2013
Liu et al. [33] Types of nanofluids: CuO/DI Water
% concentration: 0.8–1.5 wt%
Filling ratio: 60% VEvap.
Particle size (nm): 20-50		 Heat Load (W): 300-1200
Surface temperature (°C): 0-40°
  • o

    Air outlet temperature and system collecting efficiency of the solar air collector using nanofluid was higher than water.

 2013
Menlik et al. [34] Types of nanofluids: MgO/Water
% concentration: 1–5 v%
Filling ratio: 33.3% HP
Particle size (nm): 40		 Heat Load (W): 200, 300, 400
Surface temperature (°C): 20-80
  • o

    Heat transfer rate was enhanced by 26% at 200 W heating power and 7.5 g/s flow rate.

 2015