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. 2019 May 23;5(5):e01627. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01627

Table 4.

Summary of experimental and theoretical works related to cylindrical heat pipe with grooved wick structure using nanofluids.

Literature Desc. of Working Medium Desc. of operating parameters Critique Outcome Year
Do et al. [35] Types of nanofluids: Al2O3/Water
% concentration: 0–1.2 v%
Particle size (nm): 10–60		 Surface temperature (°C): 75–100
  • o

    Thermal resistance tends to decrease with particle size.

  • o

    1.0 v% is optimum concentration for better performance.

 2010
Liu et al. [36] Types of nanofluids: CuO/Water
% concentration: 0.5–2.0 wt%
Filling ratio: 50% VEvap.
Particle size (nm): 50		 Orientation (Deg.): 0, 30, 60, 75, 90
Heat Load (W): 0-180
Surface temperature (°C): 25–70
Pressure: 7.45, 12.38, 19.97 kPa
  • o

    45° inclination angle is optimum angle.

  • o

    Maximum heat flux and HTC (Heat Transfer Coefficient) was enhanced by using nanofluids.

  • o

    Performance was increased by increasing pressure.

 2010
Wang et al. [37] Types of nanofluids: CuO/DI Water
% concentration: 0.5–2.0 wt%
Filling ratio: 50% VEvap.
Particle size (nm): 50		 Heat Load (W): 0-100
Surface temperature (°C): 35–180
Pressure: 0.086 Pa
  • o

    Heat resistance and maximum heat removal capacity of heat pipe could reduce by 50% and increased by 40% as compared to water respectively.

 2010
Han et al. [38] Types of nanofluids: Ag- Al2O3/Water
% concentration: 0.005–0.05 v%
Particle size (nm): 27, 89		 Orientation (Deg.): 5, 45, 90
Heat Load (W): 50–300 W (dW = 50W)
  • o

    Use of mono and hydrid nanofluids leads to worse thermal performance.

 2011
Liu et al. [40] Types of nanofluids: Cu, CuO, SiO2/water
% concentration: 0.5, 1.0, 1.2 wt%
Particle size (nm): 20, 30, 40, 50		 Heat Load (W): 0–70
Surface temperature (°C): 40, 50, 60
Pressure: 7.45, 12.38, 19.97 kPa
  • o

    Smaller size nanoparticles had better heat transfer rate as compare to larger size.

  • o

    1.0 wt% mass concentration was optimum for better performance.

 2011
Latibari et al. [39] Types of nanofluids: NDG/Water
% concentration: 0.01, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06 wt%		 Orientation (Deg.): 0–90
Heat Load (W): 0–120 W
Surface temperature (°C): 15-40
Pressure: 1 kPa
  • o

    Thermal resistance was decrease by 58.6 % and heat transfer coefficient was enhanced by 99% at 0.06 wt% concentration, 90° inclination angle and 120 W heat loads.

 2016