CDH3 affects GSK-3β expression in HCC cells. (A) Western blot analysis was used to measure the expressions of GSK-3β, p-GSK-3β, AKT, p-AKT, Erk, p-Erk, P70S6K, p-P70S6K, SMAD3, p-SMAD and β-catenin in CDH3 silenced Focus cells. (B) The levels of GSK-3β and p-GSK-3β were examined in CDH3 overexpressed YY8103 and HCC-LM3 cells using western blot assay. The cells were treated with or without insulin for 10 min. (C) TCF/LEF luciferase activity was measured by dual luciferase reporter kit and the results illustrated that CDH3 expression had no effect on the transcription activity of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (D) The GSK-3β knockdown cell line was constructed by transfecting siGSK-3β into Focus and YY-8103 cells and detected by western blotting. (E) The migration assay was conducted in Focus and YY-8103 cells after transfection with siGSK-3β (or control).