Figure 1.

The temporal development and onset of pSS-like disease and pathology of the C57BL/6.NOD-Aec1Aec2 mouse model. During Phase I (0-8 weeks), increased acinar cell apoptosis is detected along with elevated IFN signaling. Phase II (8-16 weeks) is characterized by an innate immune response and lymphocytic infiltration into the exocrine glands. Phase III (over 16 weeks) features an adaptive immune response with production of M3R autoantibodies and measurable loss in exocrine function. M: macrophage; T_mem: memory T cells; T_H17: T helper 17 cells; pSjS: primary Sjogren's syndrome; DC: dendritic cell; IFN: interferon; PSP: parotid secretory protein; SMX: submandibular gland; M3R: muscarinic type 3 receptor.