Table 2.
Studies that seemed to study the onset of the “disease” of low back pain (first-time episode).
| First author, year, country | Study design as defined by authors | Definition of LBP | Domains of associated factors investigated (number of included factors) | Types of analyses | Variables reported being linked to the incidence of LBP that were also credible RFs† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ernat, 2012, North America [12] | Database analysis | Acute LBP resulting in an initial visit to a health care provider | Demographic (3) | Multivariate | Age |
| Occupational factors (2) | Race | ||||
| Different types of military service | |||||
|
| |||||
| Kanchanomai, 2015, Thailand [15] | Prospective | Annual incidence of LBP >24 hrs in the past 3 months | Anthropometric (2) | Multivariate | Quadriceps muscle length |
| Demographic (4) | |||||
| Health (1) | |||||
| Lifestyle (1) | |||||
| Musculoskeletal examination findings (5) | Low back support while using a computer | ||||
| Psychosocial (1) | |||||
| Occupational factors (1) | |||||
|
| |||||
| Knox, 2014, North America [17] | Database analysis | First-occurrence LBP required seeking care | Demographic (3) | Multivariate | Sex |
| Occupational factors (2) | Age | ||||
| Rank in military | |||||
| Type of service | |||||
| Marital status | |||||
|
| |||||
| Shemory, 2016, North America [28] | Database analysis | Medical diagnosis of LBP | Anthropometric (1) | Bivariate | None |
| Lifestyle (2) | |||||
| Psychological (1) | |||||
|
| |||||
| Triki, 2015, Tunisia [32]∗ | Retrospective cross-sectional | First-time LBP due to sports injury | Anthropometric (3) | Bivariate | Sex |
| Demographic (2) | Fatigue (duration) | ||||
| Fatigue (1) | Some types of sport | ||||
| Lifestyle (1) | |||||
| Type of sport (9) | |||||
†Present before the onset of 1st-time episode and analysed taking into account also other variables. ∗The study truly investigated RFs based on our definition.