Table 3.
Association in patients with type 1 diabetes between various demographic and disease factors and risk for severe NPDR/PDR (comparing no retinopathy (n = 185) vs. severe NPDR/PDR (n = 230)).
| Univariate logistic regression analysis | OR (95% CI) | P value | N |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 1.03 (1.02-1.05) | <0.0001 | 415 |
| Sex (female vs. male) | 0.96 (0.65-1.41) | 0.821 | 415 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 1.03 (1.02-1.04) | <0.0001 | 414 |
| Diastolic blood pressure | 0.99 (0.97-1.01) | 0.425 | 414 |
| Duration | 1.11 (1.09-1.13) | <0.0001 | 415 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 1.01 (0.96-1.06) | 0.616 | 414 |
| HbA1c | 1.06 (1.04-1.08) | <0.0001 | 415 |
| Smoking (n) | 1.26 (0.70-2.27) | 0.438 | 415 |
| TG | 1.79 (1.24-2.59) | 0.002 | 415 |
| HDL | 0.68 (0.47-0.99) | 0.046 | 414 |
| LDL | 0.99 (0.78-1.25) | 0.929 | 412 |
| Cholesterol | 1.00 (0.82-1.23) | 0.977 | 415 |
| HIF-1A | 330 | ||
| CC | REF | ||
| CT | 0.59 (0.30-1.16) | 0.13 | |
| TT | 0.16 (0.03-0.76) | 0.02 | |
| Multivariate logistic regression analysis | OR (95% CI) | P value | N |
| Duration | 1.11 (1.09-1.15) | <0.0001 | 328 |
| HbA1c | 1.08 (1.06-1.11) | <0.0001 | 328 |
| Systolic blood pressure | 1.03 (1.01-1.05) | 0.01 | 328 |
| HDL | 0.60 (0.34-1.07) | 0.08 | 328 |
| HIF1A | 328 | ||
| CC | REF | ||
| CT | 0.79 (0.30-2.05) | 0.62 | |
| TT | 0.05 (0.003-0.91) | 0.04 |
Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed. BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; TG, triglycerides. CC, CT, and TT are the genotypes of the HIF-1A Pro582Ser polymorphism; REF, reference group.