Table 4.
Preoperative and intraoperative factors according to high/low opioid consumer membership
| Low opioid consumer | High opioid consumer | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Preoperative and intraoperative factors | Traj 1 (n=19) |
Traj 2 (n=33) |
Traj 3 (n=26) |
Traj 4 (n=20) |
Traj 5 (n=8) |
| Demographics | |||||
| Age, years | 15.4 (2.0) | 15.0 (1.9) | 15.9 (2.1) | 15.7 (1.8) | 15.1 (2.2) |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Female | 13 (68) | 27 (82) | 17 (65) | 18 (90) | 6 (75) |
| Male | 6 (32) | 6 (18) | 9 (35) | 2 (10) | 2 (25) |
| Preoperative SRS-30 variables, n (%) | |||||
| Pain in last 6 months | |||||
| None | 2 (10) | 3 (9) | 3 (12) | 0 (0) | 1 (12.5) |
| Mild | 7 (37) | 11 (33) | 7 (28) | 8 (40) | 1 (12.5) |
| Moderate to severe | 10 (53) | 19 (58) | 15 (60) | 12 (60) | 6 (75) |
| Pain in last 1 month | |||||
| None | 3 (16) | 3 (9) | 5 (19) | 1 (5) | 1 (12.5) |
| Mild | 6 (31) | 10 (30) | 7 (27) | 6 (30) | 0 (0) |
| Moderate to severe | 10 (53) | 20 (61) | 14 (54) | 13 (65) | 7 (87.5) |
| Back pain at rest | |||||
| No | 4 (21) | 7 (21) | 3 (12) | 2 (10) | 1 (12.5) |
| Yes | 15 (79) | 26 (79) | 23 (88) | 18 (90) | 7 (87.5) |
| Current level of activity | |||||
| Full activities without restriction | 10 (53) | 16 (49) | 8 (31) | 8 (40) | 3 (37.5) |
| Light to moderate activity | 8 (42) | 11 (33) | 15 (58) | 7 (35) | 4 (50) |
| No activity | 1 (5) | 6 (18) | 3 (11) | 5 (25) | 1 (12.5) |
| Missed school/work days due to back pain in last 3 months | |||||
| 0 | 14 (74) | 25 (76) | 18 (69) | 12 (60) | 6 (86) |
| 1–3 | 3 (16) | 4 (12) | 6 (23) | 3 (15) | 1 (14) |
| 4 or more | 2 (10) | 4 (12) | 2 (8) | 5 (25) | 0 (0) |
| Medications for pain, n (%) | |||||
| None | 12 (63) | 26 (79) | 19 (73) | 12 (60) | 5 (63) |
| Yes | |||||
| Non-opioids | 5 (26) | 6 (18) | 6 (23) | 7 (35) | 2 (25) |
| Opioids | 2 (11) | 1 (3) | 1 (4) | 1 (5) | 1 (13) |
| Intraoperative factors | |||||
| Surgery length, mins | 249 (67.8) | 261 (63.5) | 285 (91.1) | 256 (73.0) | 274 (103) |
| Propofol, mg/kg | 47.3 (12.6) | 51.8 (12.1) | 54.3 (11.6) | 53.5 (14.3) | 58.7 (9.04) |
| Remifentanil, μg/kg | 42.2 (22.8) | 43.0 (21.6) | 50.5 (25.8) | 44.3 (22.2) | 50.4 (21.6) |
| Sufentanil, μg/kg | 0.19 (0.45) | 0.12 (0.26) | 0.05 (0.12) | 0.32 (0.58) | 0.03 (0.08) |
| Fentanyl, μg/kg | 0.24 (0.75) | 0.16 (0.68) | 0.42 (0.90) | 0.33 (0.80) | 0.54 (0.99) |
| Intrathecal morphine, μg/kg | 4.77 (1.03) | 6.65 (4.36) | 4.86 (1.70) | 4.37 (1.35) | 6.10 (3.73) |
| Total surgical opioids, mg/kg | 33.5 (17.1) | 34.6 (16.5) | 39.6 (19.1) | 34.9 (16.3) | 39.8 (15.2) |
Notes: Data are presented as mean±SD in parenthesis, unless otherwise stated.
Abbreviation: Traj, trajectory; SRS-30, Scoliosis Research Society Questionnaire: Version 30.