Table 1. Demographic and general characteristics of all study participants according to groups.
| Variable | Patients | Controls | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male (n=114) | Female (n=86) | Male (n=104) | Female (n=96) | |
| Age (yrs), mean (SD) | 64 (12) | 69 (12) | 62 (13) | 62 (13) |
| Smoking: | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) |
| non-smoker | 41 (35.9) | 58 (67.4) | 70 (67.3) | 81 (84.4) |
| smoker | 25 (21.9) | 16 (18.6) | 26 (25) | 13 (13.5) |
| former smoker | 48 (42.2) | 12 (13.9) | 8 (7.7) | 2 (2.1) |
| Education: | ||||
| elementary | 19 (16.7) | 51 (59.3) | 16 (15.4) | 37 (38.5) |
| secondary | 77 (67.5) | 29 (33.8) | 70 (67.3) | 44 (45.8) |
| college/university | 18 (15.8) | 6 (6.9) | 18 (17.3) | 15 (15.7) |
| Work status: | ||||
| employed | 25 (21.9) | 7 (8.2) | 30 (28.9) | 27 (28.1) |
| unemployed | 11 (9.7) | 12 (13.9) | 7 (6.7) | 6 (6.3) |
| retired | 78 (68.4) | 67 (77.9) | 67 (64.5) | 63 (65.6) |
| Caffeine consumption: | ||||
| yes | 99 (86.8) | 72 (83.7) | 82 (78.9) | 67 (69.8) |
| no | 15 (13.2) | 14 (16.3) | 22 (21.1) | 29 (30.2) |
Numerical variables are presented as mean (SD), and categorical variables as number (percentage)