Table 3.

miRNAs in bone defects. These studies either increased or decreased individual miRNAs levels.

Model	Target miRNA	Observed Results	Study
Rat critical-sized calvarial defects	↓miR-31	Increased bone volume and mineral density	(52,53)
Rat critical-size femoral metaphysis defect	↑miR-214	Increased bone volume, mineral density, trabecular number and thickness; decreased trabecular space	(54)
Mouse critical-sized calvarial (parietal) defects	↑miR-148b	Increased bone regrowth	(55)
Rat tibial defects	↑miR-26a	Increased bone formation	(56)
Mouse critical-sized calvarial defects	↑miR-26a	increased bone volume and mineral density	(57)
Mouse critical-sized calvarial defects	↑miR-355–5p	Increased bone volume	(58,59)
Subcutaneously transplanted Canine mandibular bone defect	↑miR-210–3p	Ectopic bone formation Increased bone volume and density; increased trabecular thickness	(60)