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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Acad Nutr Diet. 2019 Feb 8;119(6):934–943.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.11.021

Table 2:

Associations of self-reported frequency of consumption of selected food and beverage items with participation in SNAPa (yes/no) and with presence of various food outlets. Cross-sectional data of SNAP-eligible respondentsb collected from four New Jersey cities in 2009–10 and 2014 (n=983).c,d

Food and
beverage
items (Daily
Consumption
Frequency)		 Association with
SNAP Participation
(vs. not
participating)		 Presence of Small
Grocery within ½
mile		 Presence of
Supermarket within
½ mile		 Presence of
Convenience Store
within ¼ mile		 Presence of LSRe
within ¼ mile
proportional
difference
(eb)
(95% CI) f,g 		p-
value		 proportional
difference
(eb)
(95% CI) f,g 		p-
value		 proportional
difference
(eb)
(95% CI) f,g 		p-
value		 proportional
difference
(eb)
(95% CI) f,g 		p-
value		 proportional
difference
(eb)
(95% CI) f,g 		p-
value
  Fruit – all 0.88
(0.75, 1.03)		 0.11 1.10
(0.94, 1.28)		 0.24 1.04
(0.88, 1.22)		 0.64 1.02
(0.84, 1.23)		 0.86 1.11
(0.95, 1.30)		 0.19
  Vegetables
  – all		 0.96 (0.86,
1.06)		 0.42 0.97
(0.87, 1.07)		 0.51 0.97
(0.87, 1.09)		 0.65 0.96
(0.85, 1.09)		 0.53 1.16
(1.04, 1.28)		 0.01
  Salad 0.91
(0.76, 1.08)		 0.29 0.98
(0.83, 1.16)		 0.84 1.03
(0.85, 1.23)		 0.79 1.00
(0.81, 1.24)		 0.98 1.17
(0.99, 1.39)		 0.07
  Sugar
  Sweetened
  Beverages
  – all		 1.20
(1.01, 1.44)		 0.04 0.94
(0.79, 1.11)		 0.48 1.01
(0.85, 1.22)		 0.88 0.80
(0.65, 0.99)		 0.04 1.09
(0.92, 1.31)		 0.32
  Soda 1.04
(0.80, 1.35)		 0.79 0.92
(0.73, 1.17)		 0.51 0.95
(0.74, 1.23)		 0.72 0.92
(0.68, 1.24)		 0.59 1.13
(0.88, 1.45)		 0.35
  Fruit
  Drinks		 1.29 (1.04,
1.60)		 0.02 0.95
(0.77, 1.18)		 0.66 1.05
(0.84, 1.32)		 0.64 0.73
(0.57, 0.95)		 0.02 1.07
(0.86, 1.33)		 0.56
a

SNAP= Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program

b

Incomes below 130% of the Federal Poverty Line

c

Separate models were run for each food item and each food outlet

d

Each model used gamma regression and was adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, city of residence, panel (year of collection), participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and income

e

LSR=Limited Service Restaurant

f

eb = antilogarithm of regression coefficient and represents the proportional difference in frequency of food or beverage consumption with participation in SNAP vs those who do not participate

g

95% CI=95% Confidence Interval