Table 1.

Percent difference in responders vs. non-responders in external Knee Adduction Moment (KAM) using lateral wedge insoles vs. neutral insoles and vs. participant’s own shoes

		Own Shoe	Neutral Insole	Lateral Wedge Insole	Difference Between Own Shoe and LWI	Difference Between Neutral Insole and LWI
		mean (SD)	mean (SD)	mean (SD)	Adjusted mean (95% CI)	adjusted mean (95% CI)
Non-Responders (N=21)	Absolute Values	0.54 (0.17)	0.54 (0.16)	0.55 (0.17)	0.01 (0.00 to 0.02)	0.00 (−0.01 to 0.02)
	% Change	-	-	-	1.98 (−0.07 to 4.03)	0.64 (−2.12 to 3.39)
	Immediate Pain	2.86 (2.46)	2.33 (2.35)	2.05 (2.09)	−0.78 (−1.28 to −0.28)	−0.27 (−0.77 to 0.23)
	Immediate Comfort*	7.29 (1.74)	7.10 (2.21)	7.62 (1.77)	0.35 (−0.18 to 0.88)	0.22 (−0.32 to 0.75)
Responders (N=62)	Absolute Values	0.50 (0.15)	0.49 (0.15)	0.46 (0.14)	-0.04 (−0.04 to −0.03)	-0.03 (−0.04 to −0.03)
	% Change	-	-	-	−7.54 (−8.53 to −6.55)	−6.56 (−7.69 to −5.42)
	Immediate Pain	3.03 (2.21)	2.84 (2.06)	2.48 (1.89)	−0.28 (−0.57 to 0.02)	−0.18 (−0.48 to 0.11)
	Immediate Comfort*	7.00 (1.87)	7.32 (1.94)	7.44 (1.77)	0.14 (−0.21 to 0.49)	0.12 (−0.22 to 0.47)

Immediate pain and comfort graded on a 0–10 scale but for pain, lower numbers represent less pain and for comfort, higher scores represent more comfort.