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. 2019 May 27;9:7854. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44153-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Bar graphs representing the proportion of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fields in the different experimental groups with no bacteria, with planktonic bacteria, with both planktonic bacteria and biofilm, and only with biofilm. For each rat, observations were made on 20 random SEM fields at 7500X magnification on each of the two catheter segments, or, when only one catheter segment could be retrieved, on 40 random SEM fields of that catheter segment. Horizontal lines in the upper portion of the figure indicate statistically significant differences between groups (p < 0.05). Error bars indicate 95% confidence intervals. **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.