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. 2019 May 27;9:7854. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44153-y

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Morphological features of bacteria on the surface of the foreign body in increasing magnifications by scanning electron microscopy. (A,B) Flat biofilm on the surface of a catheter segment. (C) Magnification of the large rectangular area in the center of (B) showing Pseudomonas aeruginosa and associated biofilm. (D) Magnification of the small rectangular area in the center of (B) showing Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial cells dividing in the biofilm. (E) Mushroom-shaped biofilm with uncountable bacterial cells. (F) Higher magnification view of the rectangular dotted area in the center of (E) showing bacterial division and adherence to the surface of the catheter (arrow heads). (G) Biofilm covering most of P. aeruginosa cells. (H) High magnification view of a P. aeruginosa cell dividing on the surface of the catheter. (I) High magnification image of a single P. aeruginosa cell on the surface of the biofilm showing the irregularities of the bacterial wall surface. Calibration bar = 100 µm (A) 10 µm (B,E) 1 µm (C,D,F,I).