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. 2019 May 21;10:1111. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01111

Figure 9.

Figure 9

In vitro RA serum promoted the differentiation to CD16+ monocytes and the activation of endothelial cells. (A) Representative dot plot of intermediate monocytes of CD14+ monocytes isolated from HDs and treated with serum (10%) of HDs and RA patients for 6 and 96 h. (B) Percentage of classical monocytes (CD14++CD16−) and intermediate monocytes (CD14++CD16+) after in vitro treatment of CD14+ monocytes isolated from HDs treated with serum (10%) of HDs and RA patients for 6 and 96 h. Data represent mean ± SEM of five independent experiments. Paired t-test was performed *indicates significant differences vs. CD14+ HD monocytes treated with HD serum (p < 0.05). (C) Representative overlay dot plot and histogram showing the generation of intermediate monocytes after treatment of CD14+ HD monocytes with serum from RA patients. (D) mRNA relative expression of genes involved in inflammation, cellular adhesion and coagulation in HUVECs co-cultured with the different monocyte subsets isolated from RA patients for 24 h. Data represent mean ± SEM of five independent experiments. Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by a Dunn's multiple comparison test was performed. aindicates significant differences vs. HUVECs cultured alone, bindicates significant differences vs. HUVECs cultured with classical RA monocytes (CD14++CD16+) HD (p < 0.05).