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Schematic illustration showing a current interpretation for brain mechanism controlling pubertal onset in primates. We envision that γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) or neuropeptide Y (NPY) suppresses kisspeptin secretion (down arrow) in primates. Those inhibitory actions somehow disappear during the pubertal transition, resulting in an increase in Kiss1 expression (up arrow). Resultant kisspeptin secretion triggers pubertal increase in GnRH secretion.
