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. 2019 May 27;9:7886. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-44418-6

Figure 5.

Figure 5

Penetration and permeation analysis of TI-DMNs compared with conventional DMNs. (A) Transcutaneous permeation kinetic analysis confirmed that TI-DMN delivered a larger volume of encapsulated drug surrogate at a faster rate compared to conventional DMN. (B) A remarkably larger portion of encapsulated drug surrogate remained undissolved over the patch in conventional DMN compared with (C) TI-DMNs post application. (D) The dorsal skin of mice prior to DMN application. (E) While the diffusion spots in conventional DMN-treated skin were barely visible, (F) a remarkably higher intensity was detected in TI-DMN-treated mice. (G) TI-DMN posed a penetration success rate of 98 ± 1.1% compared to conventional DMNs at 74 ± 5.2%. (H) TI-DMN delivered a notably higher volume of the encapsulated drug surrogate compared to conventional DMNs. Data in (A), (G), and (H) are the mean ± s.e.m (n = 4). Scale bars in (B) and (C) are 300 µm, and in (E) and (F) are 5 mm.