Table 3.

Race-specific multivariate association of smoking behavior with telomere among participants in NHANES 1999–2002 (N = 5864).

	No. of participants	Multivariable-adjusted
		β coefa	95% CI
Smoking status
Non-Hispanic Whites	3328
Never	1558	Ref
Former	1033	−5.12	−46.44, 36.20
Current	737	−54.42	−115.81, 6.96
Non-Hispanic Blacks	1061
Never	567	Ref
Former	203	19.16	−89.97, 128.31
Current	291	35.44	−85.48, 156.38
Mexican Americans	1475
Never	834	Ref
Former	375	46.53	−73.94, 167.01
Current	266	95.11	−4.39, 200.83
Someone smokes at homec
Non-Hispanic Whites	302	−11.76	−61.61, −38.08
Non-Hispanic Blacks	114	54.08	−66.15,174.32
Mexican Americans	107	−102.18	−270.02, 45.65
Number of cigarettesd
Non-Hispanic Whites	737	−3.87b	−5.98, −1.21
Non-Hispanic Blacks	291	−15.46b	−29.79, −2.12
Mexican Americans	266	10.06	−3.93, 24.06
Smoking mentholated cigarettesd
Non-Hispanic Whites	112	75.46	−120.11,271.03
Non-Hispanic Blacks	216	−130.41	−290.98, 30.15
Mexican Americans	26	−120.81	−362.22, 106.59

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

Values are adjusted β coefficients. Analyses were performed with adjustment for sample weights and design effects.

^aAdjusted for age, sex, educational level, marital status, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption, total calorie intake, chronic disease conditions including diabetes, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, asthma, cancer or malignancy and CRP levels.

^bp < 0.05.

^cAnalysis performed among non-smokers (n = 4570).

^dAnalysis performed among current smokers (n = 1294).