Table 4.

Race-specific association between cotinine (by category and concentration) and telomere length among participants in NHANES 1999–2002 (N = 5864).

	No. of participants	Age-adjusted			Multivariable-adjusted
		β coefa	95% CI	P for trendc	β coefb	95% CI	P for trendc
By cotinine categories
Non-Hispanic Whites	3328			0.007			0.07
0–0.049 ng/ml	1529	Ref
0.05–2.99 ng/ml	898	−10.55	−105.86, 84.77		6.77	−85.30, 99.14
≥3 ng/ml	901	−92.40d	−150.99, −33.81		−77.92d	−143.05, −11.70
Non-Hispanic Blacks	1061			0.749			0.59
0–0.049 ng/ml	242	Ref
0.05–2.99 ng/ml	430	−16.44	−141.43, 108.53		−9.12	−134.91, 116.66
≥3 ng/ml	389	−22.50	−156.80, 111.8		−43.06	−200.08, 113.96
Mexican Americans	1475			0.08			0.15
0–0.049 ng/ml	782	Ref
0.05–2.99 ng/ml	414	57.71	−57.9, 173.32		63.53	−50.19, 177.26
≥3 ng/ml	279	90.78	−2.50, 182.06		75.28	−20.38, 170.96
By cotinine concentration
Non-Hispanic Whites	3328
0–9.99 ng/ml	2474	Ref			Ref
≥10 ng/ml	854	−87.29	−133.27, −41.31		−74.25	−120.84, −27.66
Non-Hispanic Blacks	1061
0–9.99 ng/ml	702	Ref			Ref
≥10 ng/ml	359	21.37	−92.46, 135.21		20.10	−80.25, 130.45
Mexican Americans	1475
0–9.99 ng/ml	1225	Ref			Ref
≥10 ng/ml	250	75.45	−13.58, 172.49		85.08	−10.97, 177.15
By cotinine levels
Non-Hispanic Whites	3328	−0.30d	−0.5, −0.11		−0.25d	−0.43, −0.07
Non-Hispanic Blacks	1061	−0.10	−0.37, 0.16		−0.23	−0.48, 0.03
Mexican Americans	1475	0.67	0.01, 1.33		0.61	−0.03, 1.25

Abbreviation: CI, confidence interval.

Values are adjusted β coefficients. Analyses were performed with adjustment for sample weights and design effects.

^aAdjusted for age.

^bAdjusted for sex, educational level, marital status, body mass index, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol consumption, total calorie intake, chronic disease conditions including diabetes, high blood pressure, congestive heart failure, asthma, cancer or malignancy and CRP levels.

^cP for trend across cotinine categories.

^dp < 0.05.