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. 2019 May;40(5):528–535. doi: 10.1017/ice.2019.50

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Reactions from direct β-lactam antibiotic challenges. These figures provide insight into β-lactam hypersensitivity reactions (HSRs) and real-world potential cross-reactivity in acute care patients with well-characterized historical reactions. Patients exclude patients with both penicillin and cephalosporin allergy histories and those who received penicillin skin testing (PST) prior to their challenge. (A) Patients with penicillin allergy histories who received β-lactam test doses following the penicillin hypersensitivity pathway through the type 1 (IgE-mediated) HSR pathway (n = 683). *Meropenem (n = 46), imipenem (n = 6), ertapenem (n = 4). (B) Patients with penicillin allergy histories who received β-lactam test doses following the penicillin hypersensitivity pathway through the mild HSR pathway (n = 179). *Piperacillin/tazobactam (n = 26), ampicillin/sulbactam (n = 21), ampicillin (n = 13), amoxicillin (n = 6), penicillin G (n = 5), nafcillin (n = 4), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (n = 1). (C) Patients with cephalosporin allergy histories who received β-lactam test doses following the cephalosporin hypersensitivity pathway (n = 135). *Piperacillin/tazobactam (n = 18), ampicillin/sulbactam (n = 8), ampicillin (n = 5), nafcillin (n = 2), penicillin G (n = 1). †Meropenem (n = 11), ertapenem (n = 3), imipenem (n = 1). Note. Ig, immunoglobulin; PCN, penicillin.