Table 1.
Basic characteristics of the study population (n=8,703)
| Characteristic | Men (n=4,634) |
Women (n=4,069) |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mild anemia (n=143) | Normal (n=4,491) | P-value | Mild anemia (n=246) | Normal (n=3,823) | P-value | |
| Age group (quartile) | ||||||
| 1st | 26 (1.7) | 1,535 (98.3) | <0.01 | 79 (5.5) | 1,355 (94.5) | 0.02 |
| 2nd | 28 (2.8) | 985 (97.2) | 50 (5.1) | 926 (94.9) | ||
| 3rd | 29 (3.0) | 924 (97.0) | 47 (5.7) | 772 (94.3) | ||
| 4th | 60 (5.4) | 1,047 (94.6) | 70 (8.3) | 770 (91.7) | ||
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.7±2.7 | 23.9±2.7 | <0.01 | 23.4±2.9 | 24.6±3.0 | <0.01 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg) | 133.4±23.8 | 138.8±20.7 | <0.01 | 139.7±20.6 | 141.9±21.5 | 0.12 |
| Hypertension medication (yes) | 35 (24.5) | 1,039 (23.1) | 0.71 | 42 (17.1) | 1,008 (26.4) | <0.01 |
| Diabetes history (yes) | 20 (14.0) | 470 (10.5) | 0.18 | 20 (8.1) | 277 (7.3) | 0.61 |
| Smoking status | ||||||
| Never | 28 (19.6) | 1,061 (23.6) | 0.49 | 227 (92.3) | 3,588 (93.9) | 0.39 |
| Former | 68 (47.6) | 2,091 (46.6) | 11 (4.5) | 112 (2.9) | ||
| Current | 47 (32.9) | 1,339 (29.8) | 8 (3.3) | 123 (3.2) | ||
| Regular exercise (yes) | 66 (46.2) | 2,380 (53.0) | 0.11 | 80 (32.5) | 1,413 (37.0) | 0.16 |
| Monthly income (million Korean won) | ||||||
| <2 | 36 (25.9) | 660 (14.9) | <0.01 | 55 (23.2) | 889 (24.2) | 0.44 |
| 2–4 | 44 (31.7) | 1,197 (27.1) | 77 (32.5) | 1,065 (29.0) | ||
| 4–6 | 25 (18.0) | 1,325 (30.0) | 56 (23.6) | 815 (22.2) | ||
| >6 | 34 (24.5) | 1,237 (28.0) | 49 (20.7) | 907 (24.7) | ||
| Blood test findings | ||||||
| MCV (fL) | 93.1±8.2 | 94.1±4.1 | <0.01 | 91.9±5.5 | 92.4±3.8 | 0.10 |
| Microcytosis (MCV ≤82 fL) | 11 (7.7) | 12 (0.3) | <0.01 | 12 (4.9) | 19 (0.5) | <0.01 |
| Macrocytosis (MCV ≥101 fL) | 18 (12.6) | 242 (5.4) | <0.01 | 9 (3.7) | 65 (1.7) | 0.03 |
| Fasting blood glucose (mg/dL) | 103.1±25.8 | 105.9±29.9 | 0.26 | 98.0±17.1 | 102.3±26.6 | 0.01 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 185.7±39.1 | 201.5±34.1 | <0.01 | 205.8±35.8 | 217.9±38.2 | <0.01 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 4.08±0.30 | 4.31±0.26 | <0.01 | 4.16±0.27 | 4.30±0.26 | <0.01 |
| Renal function | ||||||
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.08±0.26 | 1.04±0.15 | <0.01 | 0.83±0.16 | 0.82±0.12 | 0.28 |
| Modification of Diet in Renal Disease-GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 77.0±17.4 | 78.2±13.2 | 0.30 | 77.3±19.1 | 76.8±13.6 | 0.61 |
| GFR <60 mL/min | 20 (14.0) | 346 (7.7) | <0.01 | 39 (15.9) | 384 (10.0) | <0.01 |
| C-reactive protein (mg/dL) (n=6,567) | 0.35±0.40 | 0.20±0.24 | <0.01 | 0.23±0.27 | 0.19±0.22 | 0.01 |
| Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio* | 2.02±1.25 | 1.76±0.97 | <0.01 | 1.68±0.90 | 1.56±0.90 | 0.05 |
| Platelet/lymphocyte ratio† | 141.6±72.0 | 112.5±80.3 | <0.01 | 134.3±49.3 | 125.3±170.1 | 0.41 |
| Prognostic nutrition index‡ | 50.24±4.13 | 53.83±4.18 | <0.01 | 51.32±4.05 | 54.09±4.20 | <0.01 |
Values are presented as number (%) or mean±standard deviation.
MCV, mean corpuscular volume; GFR, glomerular filtration rate.
*
Calculated as neutrophil count/lymphocyte count.
†
Calculated as platelet count/lymphocyte count.
‡
Calculated as albumin (g/L)+0.005×total lymphocyte count.