Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with benign prostate hyperplasia compared between those with and without metformin treatment
| Nonmetformin N = 2906 | Metformin N = 2906 | P‐value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, y | 68.03 ± 8.67 | 66.41 ± 8.25 | <0.0001 |
| Age group | <0.0001 | ||
| 50‐64 | 1048 (36.06) | 1244 (42.81) | |
| 65‐79 | 1644 (56.57) | 1554 (53.48) | |
| ≥80 | 214 (7.36) | 108 (3.72) | |
| TCM for DM | 1220 (50.71) | 1186 (49.29) | 0.3652 |
| TCM for BPH | 1256 (50.65) | 1224 (49.35) | 0.3961 |
| Insulin usage | 66 (2.27) | 520 (17.89) | <0.0001 |
| Severity of type 2 diabetes | <0.0001 | ||
| Low | 1026 (35.31) | 432 (14.87) | |
| Midden | 1026 (35.31) | 2004 (68.96) | |
| High | 854 (29.39) | 470 (16.17) | |
| PSA (times/per year) | 0.17 ± 0.32 | 0.18 ± 0.31 | 0.5999 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Myocardial infarction | 42 (1.45) | 46 (1.58) | 0.6674 |
| Congestive heart failure | 122 (4.20) | 138 (4.75) | 0.3100 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 36 (1.24) | 38 (1.31) | 0.8150 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 492 (16.93) | 430 (14.80) | 0.0260 |
| Dementia | 58 (2.00) | 50 (1.72) | 0.4371 |
| Chronic lung disease | 246 (8.47) | 230 (7.91) | 0.4441 |
| Connective tissue disease | 28 (0.96) | 28 (0.96) | >0.9999 |
| Ulcer | 888 (30.56) | 964 (33.17) | 0.0324 |
| Chronic liver disease | 552 (19.00) | 562 (19.34) | 0.7389 |
| Hemiplegia | 54 (1.86) | 40 (1.38) | 0.1454 |
| Moderate or severe kidney disease | 158 (5.44) | 176 (6.06) | 0.3103 |
| Tumor, leukemia, lymphoma | 98 (3.37) | 104 (3.58) | 0.6674 |
| Moderate or severe liver disease | 8 (0.28) | 4 (0.14) | 0.2477 |
| Malignant tumor, metastasis | 0 (0.00) | 18 (0.62) | — |
| AIDS | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | — |
| Retinopathy | 54 (1.86) | 52 (1.79) | 0.8446 |
| Nephropathy | 42 (1.45) | 40 (1.38) | 0.8240 |
| Neuropathy | 88 (3.03) | 72 (2.48) | 0.1996 |
| Erectile dysfunction | 2750 (94.63) | 2714 (93.39) | 0.0466 |
| Prostate cancer | 94 (3.23) | 72 (2.48) | 0.0832 |
AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome; BPH, benign prostate hyperplasia; DM, diabetes mellitus; PSA, prostate specific antigen; TCM, traditional Chinese medicine.