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. 2019 May 15;5(2):2055217319848463. doi: 10.1177/2055217319848463

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© The Author(s) 2019

Creative Commons CC-BY: This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (http://www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).

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Figure 4. — Dysregulated cytokines and chemokines confirmed in both cohorts. Pooled individual values for both cohorts are shown as circles and medians are shown as bars. Significance of group differences was analysed by the Kruskal Wallis test and significant differences (p-value <0.001) are shown by the asterisks.The grey dashed lines represent the cut-off value of CSF IL-6 (a) and of serum IL-8 (b), GRO-α (d), APRIL (d) and MIP-1β (d) to discriminate AQP4-Ab, MOG-Ab and NMDAR-Ab from MS patients with 95% specificity.

Ab: antibody; APRIL: a proliferation-inducing ligand; AQP-4: aquaporin-4; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; GRO: growth-regulated oncogene; IL: interleukin; MIP: macrophage inflammatory protein; MOG: myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; MS: multiple sclerosis; NMDAR: N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor.