Table 1.

Demographics and Descriptives by Gender.

Variable	Male	Female
	n=178	n= 64
Age (years)	55.6 ± 9.3	57.4 ± 8.5
Race
White	93 (52.2%)	35 (54.7%)
African-American/Black	51 (28.7%)	20 (31.3%)
American Indian/Alaska Native	2 (1.1%)	1 (1.6%)
More than one race	12 (6.7%)	1 (1.6%)
Not reported/missing	19 (11.3%)	7 (10.9%)
Years of Education	12.4 ± 3.3	12.7 ± 3.1
Never married	94 (52.8%)	30 (46.9%)
Age at First Psych Hosp.*	25.3 ± 10.0	30.0 ± 10.9
Total Number of Psych Hosp.	8.3 ± 10.0	6.1 ± 5.6
PANSS – Positive Symptoms	13.9 ± 0.4	13.1 ± 0.6
PANSS – Negative Symptoms	14.1 ± 0.4	13.0 ± 0.6
PANSS – Expression	7.2 ± 0.3	7.2 ± 0.5
PANSS – Experience*	6.3 ± 0.2	5.3 ± 0.4
Cognitive Composite*	−1.6 ± 0.1	−1.2 ± 0.1
SSPA-Mean	3.8 ± 0.1	3.9 ± 0.1

^*Significant gender differenceper Mann-Whitney U test, p<.05

Notes: Psych Hosp.= psychiatric hospitalization; PANSS= Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale; SSPA= Social Skills Performance Assessment. PANSS Positive and Negative Symptom subscales can range from 7 to 49 with higher scores reflecting more severity. For PANSS Expression and Experience, item totals are displayed, with higher scores reflecting more severity; however, factor scores were used for all analyses. PANSS Expression scores can range from 4 to 28. PANSS Experience scores can range from 3 to 21. Cognitive Composite is a composite standard score calculated using age-based norms. SSPA ranges from 1 to 5, with higher scores reflecting better social skill