Table 1.
Maternal Characteristics at Pregnancy and 7–15 Years Later, According to Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health Study Preterm Birth Status
| Term birth | Preterm birth | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 459 | N = 146 | pa | |
| POUCH pregnancy (1998–2004) | |||
| Maternal age at POUCH delivery (years), mean(se) | 26.8 (0.3) | 26.4 (0.5) | 0.465 |
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2), mean(se) | 27.0 (0.4) | 26.2 (0.6) | 0.307 |
| African American, n (%) | 176 (23.6) | 39 (32.9) | 0.002 |
| Nulliparous before POUCH, n (%) | 193 (43.8) | 78 (54.0) | 0.042 |
| Hypertensive conditions, n (%) | 0.004 | ||
| None | 420 (92.2) | 120 (83.7) | |
| Gestational hypertension | 20 (3.7) | 6 (4.1) | |
| Preeclampsia | 8 (1.9) | 11 (7.4) | |
| Chronic hypertension | 11 (2.2) | 9 (4.8) | |
| Smoking during pregnancy, n (%) | 76 (17.0) | 34 (23.4) | 0.110 |
| Additional preterm births, n (%) | 68 (12.9) | 56 (39.5) | <0.0001 |
| Small for gestational age, n (%) | 59 (11.4) | 12 (9.2) | 0.095 |
| Postpregnancy visit (2011–2014) | |||
| Time to follow-up (years), mean(se) | 11.0 (0.1) | 11.1 (0.1) | 0.504 |
| Age (years), mean(se) | 37.8 (0.3) | 37.5 (0.5) | 0.567 |
| Years of regular smoking, mean(se) | 5.8 (0.5) | 6.9 (0.7) | 0.209 |
| Average leisure time physical activity (hours/week) | 4.3 (0.3) | 4.1 (0.4) | 0.734 |
| Diet quality | 53.3 (0.5) | 53.6 (1.0) | 0.804 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 127 (27.1) | 48 (34.2) | 0.105 |
| Insurance history, n (%) | 0.071 | ||
| Never on Medicaid | 204 (51.4) | 61 (40.0) | |
| Medicaid before POUCH only | 86 (17.5) | 28 (18.5) | |
| Medicaid after POUCH only | 26 (4.5) | 11 (8.0) | |
| Medicaid before/during and after POUCH | 142 (26.6) | 46 (33.5) | |
| Education, n (%) | 0.429 | ||
| <High school | 35 (6.9) | 13 (9.2) | |
| High school | 61 (12.7) | 18 (13.2) | |
| Vocational or some college | 228 (49.2) | 77 (53.5) | |
| ≥College graduate | 135 (31.2) | 38 (24.1) | |
| Menopause, n (%) | 0.054 | ||
| No | 418 (90.4) | 121 (83.8) | |
| Yes (surgical and nonsurgical) | 33 (7.4) | 22 (14.2) | |
| Indeterminate | 8 (2.2) | 3 (2.0) | |
| Family history, n (%) | |||
| Diabetes | 173 (35.7) | 64 (44.7) | 0.150 |
| Hypertension | 304 (64.9) | 105 (71.4) | 0.354 |
| Heart disease | 118 (25.0) | 48 (30.1) | 0.519 |
| Stroke | 68 (14.5) | 30 (21.8) | 0.153 |
| Gestational hypertension | 77 (16.8) | 26 (15.2) | 0.669 |
| Income, n (%) | 0.108 | ||
| <$20,000 | 119 (22.2) | 39 (28.7) | |
| $20,000–<$50,000 | 152 (33.8) | 49 (34.4) | |
| $50,000–<$90,000 | 105 (26.5) | 26 (16.8) | |
| ≥$90,000 | 74 (17.6) | 31 (20.0) | |
| Statin use, n (%) | 13 (3.2) | 7 (4.4) | 0.512 |
| Antihypertensive medication use, n (%) | 52 (10.1) | 24 (16.8) | 0.039 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), mean(se) | 30.9 (0.5) | 29.8 (0.7) | 0.199 |
| Waist circumference (cm), mean(se) | 90.1 (0.9) | 88.4 (1.4) | 0.288 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), mean(se) | 114.2 (0.7) | 115.2 (1.3) | 0.475 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg), mean(se) | 75.3 (0.6) | 75.7 (1.0) | 0.734 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL), mean(se) | 54.7 (0.8) | 55.0 (1.2) | 0.857 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL), mean(se) | 105.2 (1.5) | 110.4 (2.8) | 0.102 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL), median (IQR) | 86.3 (64.7) | 95.2 (66.4) | 0.378 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL), mean (se) | 181.2 (1.8) | 189.7 (3.8) | 0.045 |
a
Accounting for sampling weights; N = 605 except the following: n = 604 for insurance status; n = 595 for income; n = 597 for family history.
BMI, body mass index; HDL, high density lipoprotein; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low density lipoprotein; POUCH, Pregnancy Outcomes and Community Health.