Table 3.
Method | School SEI | Physical | Verbal | Indirect | ||||||
Pre n (%; CI 95%) |
Post n (%; CI 95%) |
p-value |
Pre n (%; CI 95%) |
Post n (%;CI 95%) |
p-value |
Pre n (%;CI 95%) |
Post n (%;CI 95%) |
p-value | ||
Sentinel question | A |
3 (1.8; -0.2 – 3.8) |
3 (1.8; -3.2 – 6.8) |
0.98 |
19 (11.1; 6.3-15.9) |
21 (12.6; 7.6-17.6) |
0.68 |
15 (8.8; 4.5-13.1 ) |
24 (14.4; 9.1-19.7) |
0.11 |
B |
8 (4.4; 1.5-7.3) |
2 (1.1; -0.4-2.6) |
<0.05 |
26 (14.3; 9.4-19.2) |
15 (7.9; 4.1-11.7) |
<0.05 |
16 (8.8; 4.8-12.8) |
7 (3.7; 1-6.4) |
<0.05 | |
C |
2 (3.9; -7.8-15.6) |
1 (2.2; -2.2-6.6) |
0.63 |
10 (19.6; 7.9-31.3) |
8 (17.8; 6.5-29.5) |
0.82 |
10 (19.6; 7.9-31.3) |
5 (11.1; 1.8 - 20.4) |
0.25 | |
Five-question | A |
33 (19.5; 13.5-25.5) |
39 (23.4; 17-29.8) |
0.39 |
55 (32.5; 25.4 - 39.6) |
60 (35.9; 28.6-43.2) |
0.51 |
41 (24.3;17.8-30.8) |
53 (31.7;24.7-38.7) |
0.13 |
B |
54 (29.7; 22.9-36.2) |
33 (17.4; 12-22.8) |
<0.01 |
67 (36.8; 29.9-43.7) |
49 (25.8; 19.6-32) |
<0.05 |
52 (28.6; 22.2-35) |
44 (23.2; 17.2-29.2) |
0.23 | |
C |
16 (31.4; 16.7-46.1) |
14 (29.5; 15.8-43.2) |
0.86 |
28 (54.9; 40.2-69.6) |
19 (42.2; 27.6-56.8) |
0.22 |
25 (49; 34.2-63.8 ) |
16 (35.6; 21.5-49.7) |
0.18 | |
Score of seven | A |
45 (26.6; 19.9-33.3) |
54 (32.3; 25.2-39.4) |
0.25 |
85 (50.3; 42.7-57.9) |
94 (56.3; 48.8-63.8) |
0.27 |
58 (34.3;27.1-41.5) |
69 (41.3; 33.8-48.8) |
0.18 |
B |
74 (40.7; 33.7-47.7) |
46 (24.2; 18.1-30.3) |
<0.001 |
104 (57.1; 50-64.2) |
82 (43.2; 36.1-50.3 ) |
<0.01 |
86 (47.3; 40.2-54.4) |
63 (33.2; 26.5-39.9) |
<0.01 | |
C |
22 (43.1; 30.6-55.6) |
18 (40; 25.5-54.5) |
0.76 |
39 (76.5; 64-89) |
28 (62.2; 47.9-76.5) |
0.13 |
30 (58.8; 44.3-73.3) |
24 (53.3; 38.6-68) |
0.59 | |
Method | School SEI | Prosociality | Observers | Resiliency | ||||||
Pre n (%; CI 95%) |
Post n (%; CI 95%) |
p-value |
Pre n (%; CI 95%) |
Post n (%;CI 95%) |
p-value |
Pre n (%;CI 95%) |
Post n (%;CI 95%) |
p-value | ||
Sentinel question | A |
12 (7.1; 3.2-10.3) |
7 (4.2; 1.2-7.2) |
0.25 |
16 (9.5; 5.1-13.9) |
11 (6.6; 2.9-10.3) |
0.33 |
46 (27.2; 20.4-34) |
51 (30.5; 23.5-37) |
0.50 |
B |
24 (13.2; 8.4-18) |
5 (2.6; 0.3-4.9) |
<0.05 |
28 (15.4; 10.3-20.5) |
12 (6.3;2.8-9.8) |
<0.01 |
58 (31.2; 24.6-37.8) |
65 (34.2; 27.4-41) |
0.63 | |
C |
10 (19.6; 8.9-30.3) |
5 (11.1; 3.7-18.5) |
0.26 |
10 (19.6; 7.9-31.3) |
7 (15.6; 4.9-26.3) |
0.61 |
16 (31.4; 17.7-45.1) |
18 (40;25.5-54.5) |
0.38 | |
Five-question | A |
128 (75.7; 69.2-82.2) |
128 (76.7; 70.3-83.1) |
0.85 |
31 (18.3; 12.4-24.2) |
26 (15.6; 10.1-21.1 |
0.50 |
75 (44.4;36.8-52) |
75 (44.9; 37.4-52.4) |
0.92 |
B |
139 (76.4; 71.8-81) |
124 (65.3; 59.2-71.4) |
<0.05 |
54 (29.7; 23.2-36.2) |
38 (20;14.3-25.7 |
<0.05 |
90 (49.5;42.1-56.6) |
80 (42.1; 35.1-49.1) |
0.16 | |
C |
46 (90.2; 81.4-99) |
33 (73.3; 60.2-86.4) |
0.06 |
21 (41.2; 26.7-55.7) |
18 (40; 25.5-54.5) |
0.90 |
27 (52.9; 38.2-67.6) |
23 (51.1; 36.3-65.9) |
0.86 | |
Score of seven | A |
142 (84; 78.4-89.6) |
143 (85.6; 80.3-90.9) |
0.68 |
48 (28.4;21.6-35.2) |
46 (27.5;20.8-34.2) |
0.86 |
94 (55.6;48.1-63.1) |
89 (53.3;45.7-60.9) |
0.67 |
B |
157 (86.3;81.4-91.2) |
144 (75.8;69.7-81.9) |
< 0.01 |
88 (48.4;41.3-55.5) |
58 (30.5;23.9-37.1) |
<0.001 |
116 (63.7;56.8-70.6) |
106 (55.8;48.7-62.9) |
0.12 | |
C |
48 (94.1;87.2-87.2) |
38 (84.4;73.7-95.1) |
0.12 |
27 (52.9;38.2-67.6) |
20 (44.4;29.7-59.1) |
0.41 |
36 (70.6;57.2-84) |
28 (62.2;47.9-76.5) |
0.39 |
At time, the entries in boldface are all significant with three different level of significance observed: < 0.05 (5 times), < 0.01 (4 times), < 0.001 (1 time)