Table 2.
The effect of combinations of EA, β-CD EA and APSP EA with DA, AQ and CF against Babesia and Theileria parasites in vitro
| Drug combination | B. bovis | B. bigemina | B. divergens | B. caballi | T. equi | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EA + DA | CI value | 0.402 | 1.046 | 0.317 | 0.854 | 0.474 |
| Interaction | Synergism | Additive | Synergism | Synergism | Synergism | |
| β-CD EA + DA | CI value | 1.003 | 0.953 | 1.004 | 0.830 | 0.970 |
| Interaction | Additive | Additive | Additive | Synergism | Additive | |
| APSP EA + DA | CI value | 0.965 | 0.832 | 0.527 | 1.003 | 0.908 |
| Interaction | Additive | Synergism | Synergism | Additive | Additive | |
| EA + AQ | CI value | 0.005 | 0.225 | 0.318 | 0.153 | 0.352 |
| Interaction | Synergism | Synergism | Synergism | Synergism | Synergism | |
| β-CD EA + AQ | CI value | 0.027 | 0.004 | 0.103 | 0.539 | 0.809 |
| Interaction | Synergism | Synergism | Synergism | Synergism | Synergism | |
| APSP EA + AQ | CI value | 0.609 | 0.801 | 0.325 | 0.902 | 0.780 |
| Interaction | Synergism | Synergism | Synergism | Additive | Synergism | |
| EA + CF | CI value | 0.788 | 0.817 | 1.036 | 1.079 | 1.100 |
| Interaction | Synergism | Synergism | Additive | Additive | Additive | |
| β-CD EA + CF | CI value | 0.032 | 1.001 | 0.002 | 0.900 | 1.003 |
| Interaction | Synergism | Additive | Synergism | Additive | Additive | |
| APSP EA + CF | CI value | 1.001 | 0.907 | 1.005 | 1.099 | 1.000 |
| Interaction | Additive | Additive | Additive | Additive | Additive |
Abbreviations: DA, diminazene aceturate; AQ, atovaquone; CF, clofazimine; EA, ellagic acid; β-CD-EA, β-cyclodextrin ellagic acid; APSP EA, antisolvent precipitation with syringe pump prepared ellagic acid; CI, combination index