Table 1.

PICOS principle of inclusion criteria

Criteria	Description
Patients	Adult men diagnosed as prostate cancer undergoing radical prostatectomy
Intervention	Intrafascial nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy, including Veil, Leipzig, curtain dissection, or other techniques approaching fascial planes on the surface of the prostatic capsule or medial/internal to the prostatic fascia, regardless of surgery types
Comparison	Conventional interfascial nerve-sparing prostatectomy, regardless of surgery types
Outcomes	PSM rates stratified by pathological stages
Study design	Surgical series or prospective/retrospective controlled studies, including RCTs

PSM positive surgical margin, RCTs randomized controlled trials