Table 1.

Neglected tropical diseases: Overview of WHO and PLOS NTD lists, their main reservoir and mode of transmission

	Main reservoir			MODE of TRANSMISSION
	Human	Zoonotic	Other^b)	Oral/food-borne	Vector-borne	Other^c)
Viral diseases
Dengue and Chikungunya fevers^a	X				X
Japanese encephalitis		X			X
Jungle yellow fever		X			X
Other arboviral infections		X			X
Rabies^a		X				X^e
Rift Valley fever		X			X
Viral haemorrhagic fevers		X		X	X	X^{d, e}
Bacterial diseases
Bartonellosis	X	X			X	X^e
Bovine tuberculosis in humans		X		X
Buruli ulcer^a		X^h	X^h			X^d
Cholera			X	X
Diarrhoeal diseases (Shigella, Salmonella, E. coli)	X			X
Leprosy^a	X	(X)				X^e
Leptospirosis		X		X
Trachoma^a	X					X^e
Treponematoses (Yaws, Endemic syphilis, Pinta)^a	X					X^e
Helminthic diseases
Dracunculiasis^a	X			X
Echinococcosis^a		X		X
Food-borne trematodiases^a		X		X
Loiasis	X				X
Lymphatic filariasis (LF)^a	X				X
Onchocerciasis^a	X				X
Schistosomiasis^a	X	X				X^e
Soil-transmitted helminthiases (Ascariasis, Hookworm disease, Trichuriasis, Strongyloidiasis)^a	X			X		X^e
Taenia solium (Neuro)Cysticercosis/Taeniosis^a		X (only taeniosis)		X
Toxocariasis and other larva Migrans diseases		X		X		X^e
Protozoan diseases
Amoebiasis	X			X
Balantidiasis		X			X
Chagas disease^a		X			X	X^g
Giardiasis	X			X
Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT)^a	X	X			X
Leishmaniasis^a	X	X			X	X^g
Ectoparasitic diseases
Myiasis		X			X
Scabies^a	X				X
Snake bite envenoming			X			X^e

Note: ^a) indicates the 20 diseases categorised by WHO as belonging to the neglected tropical diseases; ectoparasitic and fungal infections as well as snakebite envenoming have recently been added in 2017 on the occasion of the 10th meeting of the Strategic and Technical Advisory Group for Neglected Tropical Diseases

^b) Environment

^c) unknown^d, direct contact^e, fetomaternal^g

^h) possible zoonotic and/or environmental reservoir