Table 3.

Summary of analytical performance of microfluidic devices applied to screen the sample spiked with lung cancer CTCs

Tumor type	Microfluidic device	Efficiency/capture rate	Additional tests	Refs.
A549	CTC-Chip (affinity-based)	87–100%	Immunofluorescence cell staining with CK7/8 or TTF-1 or Ki67 as well as the corresponding secondary antibodies. After FACS sorting, CTCs were stained with EGFR and pan-CK. CTCs also underwent RNA extraction, RT-PCR, TP53 sequencing and next-generation sequencing	[177]
A549	CTC-Chip (affinity-based)	60%	Cells were immunofluorescence (IF) stained for Cytokeratin 7/8 (green), white blood cells were stained for CD45 (red) and nuclei were counterstained with DAPI	[177]
A549	Microfluidic SiNW with MUNPs conjugated with anti-EpCAM	About 80%	Cells were stained with the method of immuno-fluorescence and then imaged under the confocal fluorescence microscope	[109]
A549	A-1 peptide modified microfluidic chip (affinity-based)	E-A549 (58.0 ± 19.7%) M-A549 similar to E-A549	The authors did not perform any additional tests	[121]
A549 and MDA-MB-231	Nanoroughened adhesion-based capture of CTCs	> 80%	CTCs were identified by: positive staining of anti-cytokeratin and DAPI; negative staining of anti-CD45; and appropriate morphometric characteristics including cell size, shape, and nuclear size	[173]
A549	Inertial‐based microfluidic cell sorter	74.4%	Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) for detection of CK-19 mRNA from captured CTCs	[110]

SiNW silicon nanowire array, MUNPs multifunctional magnetic upconversion nanoparticles