Table 2.
Distribution of types of disrespect and abuse reported by mothers during child birth, JUMC, Oct to Dec 2016
| Categories of disrespect and abuse | Types of disrespect and abuse (n = 290) | Number (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Physical harm or ill-treatment | mother did not cared for in a culturally appropriate way | 218 (75.2) |
| mother denied food/fluid without medical indication | 108 (37.2) | |
| mother did not receive pain-relief as necessary | 103 (35.5) | |
| mother and newborn were separated without medical indication | 35 (12.1) | |
| mother was physically confined | 7 (2.4) | |
| physical force was used (e.g. slapping/hitting the mother) | 7 (2.4) | |
| Non-consented care | service provider did not introduce him/herself to the mother | 232 (80.0) |
| mother was not encouraged to ask questions | 220 (75.9) | |
| consent or permission prior to any procedure not obtained | 185 (63.8) | |
| service provider did not explain what is being done and expected outcome during labor and birth | 150 (51.7) | |
| periodic updates on status and progress of labor not given | 143 (49.3) | |
| service provider did not answer questions promptly, politely and truthfully | 129 (44.5) | |
| mother not allowed to move about during labor | 111 (38.3) | |
| mother not allowed to take position of choice during childbirth | 32 (11.0) | |
| Non-confidential care | curtains or other visual barriers not used | 237 (81.7) |
| Non-dignified care | service provider did not speak politely | 95 (32.8) |
| mother was insulted, intimidated, threaten, or coerced | 55 (19.0) | |
| Discrimination on specific grounds/ characteristics | mother shown disrespect based on religion or ethnicity or place of residence, etc. | 47 (16.2) |
| a language or language-level that mother cannot understand was used | 39 (13.4) | |
| Abandonment or denial of care | provider did not arrive quickly when called | 105 (36.2) |
| mother was not encouraged to call provider if needed | 85 (29.3) | |
| mother was left alone or unattended | 56 (19.3) | |
| Detention or confinement in facilities | mother was delayed in health facility against her will | 75 (25.9) |
| Overall prevalence of disrespect and abuse | mothers who faced disrespect and abuse in at least one of the seven categories | 266 (91.7) |