Table 1.
Gene | Chromosome location | Biological relevance | dbSNP# | SNP location | MAF* | Previous studies |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Agouti related protein (AGRP) | 16q22 | Endogenous antagonist of melanocortin receptors (MC4R and MC3R) that regulates appetite and energy expenditure. | rs5030980 | Exon 3 | 0.015 | |
Melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) | 18q21.3/18q22 | Stimulation of MC4R leads to a reduction in energy intake and an increased basal energy expenditure. | rs17782313 | 188 kb downstream of MC4R | 0.240 |
|
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) | 11p13 | Protein involved in neuronal survival, maturation and differentiation during central nervous system development. | rs4074134 | ~31 kb of 3’-flanking of BDNF | 0.252 | |
Ghrelin (GHRL) | 3p26 | Orexigenic peptide that modulates appetite, gastrointestinal motility, gastric acid release and pancreatic secretions. | rs696217 | Exon 4 | 0.083 |
|
Neuropeptide Y (NPY) | 7q15.1 | This peptide regulates energy homeostasis thought binds to its receptor on PVN . | rs535870237 | 17-bp deletion at 5’UTR | 0.00039 |
|
Fat Mass Obesity-Associated gene (FTO) | 16q12.2 | Demethylation enzyme involved in controlling of energy homeostasis, DNA methylation and abiogenesis | rs9939609 | Intron 1 | 0.340 |
|
Abbreviations: BMI, Body mass index; dbSNP, Single nucleotide polymorphism database; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic model assessment - Insulin resistance; LDL, Low density lipoprotein; MAF, Minor allele frequency; MC3R, Melanocortin 3 receptor; PVN, Paraventricular nucleus; SNP, Single nucleotide polymorphism; UTR, Untranslated region; WC, Waist circumference.