Table 2B.

Factors associated with death among HIV-infected TB patient: Cox proportional hazards models among persons with culture-positive vs. culture-negative TB^*

Covariate	Univariate		Multivariable complete case		Multivariable imputed
	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value	HR (95%CI)	P value
Culture test results		0.84		0.63		0.20
Positive (reference)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Negative	1.05 (0.64–1.72)		1.15 (0.66–2.00)		1.37 (0.84–2.22)
CD4 at TB diagnosis		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001
50	3.14 (1.81–5.45)		4.34 (2.02–9.33)		3.77 (2.02–7.02)
100	2.29 (1.35–3.89)		3.15 (1.52–6.53)		2.72 (1.48–4.98)
200	1.46 (0.93–2.28)		1.85 (1.01–3.40)		1.65 (0.99–2.74)
350 (ref)	1.00		1.00		1.00
500	0.74 (0.43–1.30)		0.57 (0.27–1.20)		0.65 (0.35–1.23)
Timing of TB relative to ART		<0.001		<0.001		<0.001
Never on ART (reference)	1.00		1.00		1.00
ART concurrent with anti-tuberculosis treatment	0.17 (0.10–0.28)		0.07 (0.03–0.16)		0.13 (0.07–0.23)
ART before or after anti-tuberculosis treatment	0.11 (0.05–0.23)		0.09 (0.03–0.27)		0.12 (0.05–0.30)
Age at TB diagnosis, years		0.43		0.24		0.05
25	1.03 (0.68–1.56)		1.28 (0.74–2.21)		1.10 (0.71–1.69)
30	1 (0.84–1.19)		1.09 (0.86–1.37)		1.02 (0.85–1.22)
35 (reference)	1.00			1.00		1.00
40	1.05 (0.96–1.15)		1.05 (0.92–1.20)		1.09 (0.99–1.20)
50	1.26 (0.89–1.78)		1.52 (0.91–2.53)		1.59\ (1.10–2.30)
Sex		0.08		0.41		0.22
Female (reference)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Male	0.70 (0.47–1.05)		0.77 (0.42–1.42)		0.76 (0.50–1.17)
Site of TB		0.36		0.35		0.17
Pulmonary only (reference)	1.00		1.00		1.00
Any extra-pulmonary	1.18 (0.83–1.70)		1.28 (0.76–2.16)		1.30 (0.89–1.89)

^*Multiple imputation used for missing data. In accordance with the standard convention, univariate analysis was not performed with imputed data. All analyses were stratified by study site.

HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; TB = tuberculosis; HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval; ART =antiretroviral therapy.