3. Effect of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination on frequency of recurrent acute otitis media.
| Intention‐to‐treat | Per‐protocol | |
| VE expressed as relative reduction in risk (95% CI) | VE expressed as relative reduction in risk (95% CI) | |
| PCV administered in infancy | ||
| CRM197‐PCV7 | ||
|
Black 2000 Fireman 2003 |
9% (4 to 14) 10% (7 to 13) |
9% (3 to 15) ‐ |
| Eskola 2001 | 9% (−12 to 27) | 16% (−6 to 35) |
| O'Brien 2008a | ‐ | ‐ |
| OMPC‐PCV7 | ||
| Kilpi 2003 | ‐ | ‐ |
| PHiD‐PC10/11 | ||
|
Tregnaghi 2014 Sáez‐Llorens 2017 |
‐ | ‐ |
| Vesikari 2016a | ‐ | ‐ |
| Prymula 2006 | ‐ | 56% (−2 to 81) |
| PCV administered at a later age | ||
| CRM197‐PCV7 followed by PPV23 | ||
| Veenhoven 2003 | ‐ | ‐ |
| van Kempen 2006 | ‐ | ‐ |
| CRM197‐PCV7/TIV | ||
| Jansen 2008 | ‐ | ‐ |
| CRM197‐PCV9 | ||
| Dagan 2001 | ‐ | ‐ |
CI: confidence interval CRM197‐PCV7: 7‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine conjugated to carrier protein CRM197 CRM197‐PCV7/TIV: trivalent influenza vaccine plus 7‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine conjugated to carrier protein CRM197 CRM197‐PCV9: 9‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine conjugated to carrier protein CRM197 OMPC‐PCV7: 7‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine conjugated to the outer membrane protein complex of Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B PCV: pneumococcal conjugate vaccine PHiD‐CV10: 10‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine conjugated to protein D (surface lipoprotein of non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae) PHiD‐CV11: 11‐valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine conjugated to protein D (surface lipoprotein of non‐typeable Haemophilus influenzae) PPV23: 23‐valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine TIV: trivalent influenza vaccine VE: vaccine efficacy aCluster‐randomised controlled trial Note: negative values represent an increase in the risk of recurrent AOM