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. 2019 May 21;10:605. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00605

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Copyright © 2019 Qing, Meng, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Ariyadewa and Xu.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effects of escin on endothelial and anti-oxidative indices in DCS swine. Blood samples were obtained from a venous catheter in swine treated with escin or saline before a simulated air dive and at 5 min, 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h following decompression. Serum intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1; A), endothelin-1 (ET-1; D), and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA, G) levels were tested by ELISA. The rates of changes were compared between treatments in average levels (B,E,H) and at the peak time points (C,F,I). The values in the chart bar represent the number of animals. ^∗P < 0.01, ^#P < 0.05.