Table 1.

Results of ANOVA with two-stage cross-over design and two independent-samples t-tests.

					Two independent-
Parameters	Testing time	ANOVA			samples t-tests
		Sources of
		variation	F	P	Groups	P
Skin lesion area rate	Peak	Subjects	9.986	0.003	Escin	0.687
		Stages	1.260	0.299	Saline	0.289
		Treatments	33.696	0.001	Combined	0.180
Platelet count	6 h after dive	Subjects	5.333	0.020	Escin	0.225
		Stages	0.081	0.784	Saline	0.428
		Treatments	29.517	0.001	Combined	0.125
IL-1β	Average	Subjects	2.794	0.097	Escin	0.353
		Stages	0.027	0.874	Saline	0.906
		Treatments	22.587	0.002	Combined	0.531
	Peak	Subjects	2.295	0.145	Escin	0.461
		Stages	0.012	0.917	Saline	0.811
		Treatments	30.816	0.001	Combined	0.527
IL-6	Average	Subjects	3.063	0.079	Escin	0.183
		Stages	0.721	0.424	Saline	0.964
		Treatment	8.620	0.022	Combined	0.692
	Peak	Subjects	10.212	0.003	Escin	0.377
		Stages	2.443	0.162	Saline	0.893
		Treatment	19.896	0.003	Combined	0.894
ICAM-1	Average	Subjects	13.866	0.001	Escin	0.975
		Stages	7.015	0.033	Saline	0.253
		Treatments	48.551	0.000	Combined	0.234
	Peak	Subjects	8.073	0.006	Escin	0.900
		Stages	6.913	0.034	Saline	0.193
		Treatments	45.263	0.000	Combined	0.209
ET-1	Average	Subjects	4.833	0.026	Escin	0.919
		Stages	0.032	0.862	Saline	0.688
		Treatments	9.264	0.019	Combined	0.940
	Peak	Subjects	17.266	0.001	Escin	0.596
		Stages	0.147	0.713	Saline	0.983
		Treatments	42.327	0.000	Combined	0.533
MDA	Average	Subjects	12.080	0.002	Escin	0.220
		Stages	6.610	0.037	Saline	0.925
		Treatments	12.080	0.002	Combined	0.681
	Peak	Subjects	13.554	0.001	Escin	0.686
		Stages	0.462	0.518	Saline	0.779
		Treatments	83.030	0.000	Combined	0.906

Swine were subjected to two simulated air dives to 30 msw for 2 h following treatment with either escin or saline for 7 days. After surfacing, skin lesions were monitored, and blood was sampled for platelet count and determination of inflammatory and endothelia related indices including IL-1β (interleukin-1β), IL-6 (interleukin-6), ICAM-1 (intercellular adhesion molecule-1), ET-1 (endothelin-1), and MDA (methane dicarboxylic aldehyde). Two types of statistical analysis were used to test the effect of the first stage or the first dive on the second in both groups and after combination.