Table 2. Multivariable Adjusted Odds for Reasons for Not Having Insurance Among 1842 Participants Without Insurance.
| Characteristic | Reason for Not Having Insurance | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cost (n = 859) | Unemployment (n = 662) | Employment Related (n = 201) | Family Related (n = 188) | |||||
| aOR (95% CI) | P Value | aOR (95% CI) | P Value | aOR (95% CI) | P Value | aOR (95% CI) | P Value | |
| Age, y | ||||||||
| 18-34 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| 35-44 | 1.37 (0.95-1.97) | .10 | 1.63 (1.11-2.40) | .01 | 1.76 (1.00-3.12) | .05 | 0.35 (0.20-0.62) | <.001 |
| 45-54 | 1.39 (0.99-1.97) | .06 | 2.25 (1.56-3.24) | <.001 | 1.72 (0.98-3.03) | .06 | 0.32 (0.19-0.54) | <.001 |
| 55-64 | 1.37 (0.98-1.93) | .07 | 2.21 (1.54-3.15) | <.001 | 1.25 (0.71-2.22) | .44 | 0.26 (0.14-0.48) | <.001 |
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Female | 0.98 (0.76-1.27) | .88 | 0.97 (0.74-1.27) | .84 | 1.06 (0.70-1.60) | .78 | 1.14 (0.70-1.89) | .59 |
| Racea | ||||||||
| White | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Black | 0.61 (0.42-0.88) | .009 | 1.00 (0.69-1.44) | .98 | 1.24 (0.67-2.30) | .49 | 1.21 (0.68-2.20) | .53 |
| Alaskan Native or American Indian | 0.85 (0.34-2.11) | .72 | 1.14 (0.41-3.11) | .80 | 0.17 (0.04-0.76) | .02 | 0.67 (0.13-3.40) | .63 |
| Asian | 1.70 (0.68-4.25) | .26 | 0.82 (0.24-2.78) | .76 | 0.16 (0.02-1.32) | .09 | 0.96 (0.11-8.65) | .97 |
| Ethnicitya | ||||||||
| Non–Spanish-Hispanic- Latino |
1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Spanish-Hispanic-Latino | 0.99 (0.67-1.48) | .98 | 0.82 (0.52-1.29) | .39 | 1.17 (0.62-2.19) | .63 | 0.57 (0.21-1.57) | .28 |
| Citizenship status | ||||||||
| US citizen | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Non-US citizen | 1.27 (0.70-2.32) | .43 | 0.47 (0.23-0.97) | .04 | 0.74 (0.33-1.62) | .45 | 1.39 (0.26-7.57) | .70 |
| Region of residence | ||||||||
| Northeast | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| North Central/Midwest | 0.97 (0.61-1.55) | .90 | 0.68 (0.42-1.10) | .12 | 1.04 (0.49-2.20) | .09 | 1.35 (0.68-2.70) | .39 |
| South | 1.40 (0.92-2.13) | .12 | 0.75 (0.49-1.16) | .20 | 0.46 (0.22-0.96) | .04 | 0.54 (0.27-1.08) | .08 |
| West | 1.34 (0.85-2.12) | .20 | 0.49 (0.30-0.80) | .004 | 1.23 (0.58-2.63) | .59 | 1.05 (0.52-2.12) | .88 |
| Smoking status | ||||||||
| Noncurrent smoker | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Current smoker | 0.90 (0.71-1.16) | .43 | 0.88 (0.68-1.14) | .33 | 1.34 (0.92-1.93) | .13 | 1.03 (0.68-1.56) | .91 |
| Income | ||||||||
| At or above poverty threshold | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| Below poverty threshold | 0.83 (0.64-1.08) | .16 | 0.59 (0.45-0.78) | <.001 | 0.71 (0.46-1.10) | .12 | 1.36 (0.89-2.08) | .16 |
| Interval since diagnosis, y | ||||||||
| 0-5 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| 6-10 | 0.80 (0.59-1.10) | .17 | 1.13 (0.81-1.57) | .47 | 1.00 (0.62-1.61) | .99 | 1.25 (0.74-2.10) | .41 |
| ≥11 | 1.09 (0.83-1.43) | .53 | 0.99 (0.75-1.30) | .93 | 1.05 (0.70-1.59) | .81 | 0.89 (0.57-1.39) | .62 |
| Year of survey | ||||||||
| 2010-2013 | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | 1 [Reference] | ||||
| 2014-2017 | 0.62 (0.46-0.85) | .003 | 0.62 (0.45-0.87) | .005 | 1.23 (0.73-2.09) | .44 | 0.73 (0.41-1.28) | .27 |
Abbreviation: aOR, adjusted odds ratio.
Race and ethnicity were self-reported as captured by the National Health Interview Survey. Participants were asked whether they identified with 1 or more of the following racial groups: white, black/African American, Alaskan Native or American Indian, Chinese, Filipino, Asian Indian, or other Asian. Those reporting Chinese, Filipino, Asian Indian, or other Asian race were grouped as Asian. Participants were also asked whether they identified with 1 or more of the following ethnicities: not Hispanic/Spanish origin, Mexican, Mexican American, Puerto Rican, Cuban/Cuban American, Dominican (republic), Central or South American, other Latin American (type not specific), other Spanish, or multiple Hispanic. Those reporting any of the ethnicities, with exception of not Hispanic/Spanish origin, were categorized as Spanish-Hispanic-Latino.