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. 2019 Mar 20;154(5):e190145. doi: 10.1001/jamasurg.2019.0145

Figure 4. Baseline to Post–Emergency Laparotomy Collaborative (ELC) Changes by Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Admission and Surgeon and Anesthesiologist Involvement.

Figure 4.

Changes in the admission rate to the ICU just before ELC implementation (month 14), which was a significant and sustained change that crossed the upper control limit (UCL) (A); the direct involvement of a senior surgeon, which occurred after month 18, crossed the UCL, and was significant (B); and the direct involvement of a senior anesthesiologist experienced by 74.8% of patients at baseline and increased to 85.8% in months 16 to 27 and was sustained in months 28 to 39 (C). See the caption to Figure 3 for explanation of dark blue circles, filled orange circles, and the empty orange circles. LCL indicates lower control limit.