Table 1. Baseline Characteristics of the Central Netherlands Region and the Brabant Region.
| Characteristic | Region | |
|---|---|---|
| Central Netherlands (n = 4950)a | Brabant (n = 6859)b | |
| Demographics | ||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 47 (21) | 51 (22) |
| Male, No. (%) | 2887 (58.3) | 3583 (52.2) |
| Pregnancy, No. (%) | 32 (0.6) | 25 (0.4) |
| Use of oral anticoagulants, No. (%) | 131 (2.6) | 234 (3.4) |
| Alcohol use, No. (%) | 531 (10.7) | 746 (10.9) |
| Other drug use, No. (%) | 43 (0.9) | 39 (0.6) |
| Physiologic characteristics, mean (SD) | ||
| Systolic blood pressure, mm Hg | 139 (24) | 140 (24) |
| Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 16 (4) | 16 (5) |
| Oxygen saturation level, % | 96 (4) | 97 (3) |
| GCS scorec | 14 (2) | 15 (2) |
| Revised Trauma Scored | 12 (1) | NA |
| ABC unstablee | 117 (3) | 129 (2) |
| Mechanism of injury, No. (%) | ||
| Mechanism criteriaf | 819 (16.5) | 475 (6.9) |
| Fall 2-5 m | 314 (6.3) | 197 (2.9) |
| Fall >5 m or >3 × body length | 77 (1.6) | 24 (0.3) |
| Fall from stairs, 1-10 steps | 388 (7.8) | 288 (4.2) |
| Fall from stairs, >10 steps | 86 (1.7) | 87 (1.3) |
| Vehicle rollover | 96 (1.9) | 129 (1.9) |
| Injury characteristics, No. (%) | ||
| Penetrating injury to head, thorax, or abdomen | 90 (1.8) | 30 (0.4) |
| Expected (unstable) pelvic fracture | 26 (0.5) | 11 (0.2) |
| Neurologic deficit (>1 extremity) | 75 (1.5) | 60 (0.9) |
| Symptoms of cerebral contusion or concussion | 348 (7.0) | 516 (7.5) |
| Agitation | 172 (3.5) | 66 (1.0) |
| Expected injury in AIS region | ||
| Head and neck or trauma to head | 2635 (53.2) | 2393 (34.9) |
| Face | 955 (19.3) | 977 (14.2) |
| Thorax | 719 (14.5) | 329 (4.8) |
| Abdomen | 332 (6.7) | 74 (1.1) |
| Extremities | 2013 (40.7) | 1501 (21.9) |
| Skin and others | 85 (1.7) | 85 (1.2) |
| Expected injury in ≥2 AIS regions | 1230 (24.8) | 309 (4.5) |
| Burning wound with or without inhalation trauma | 77 (1.6) | 80 (1.2) |
| Inhalation trauma | 29 (0.6) | 38 (0.6) |
| Clinical characteristics | ||
| ISS, mean (SD)g | 5 (7) | NA |
| ISS >15, No. (%) | 435 (8.8) | 165 (2.4) |
| Destination, No. (%) | ||
| Level I trauma center | 1724 (34.8) | 1882 (27.4) |
| Level II trauma center | 1326 (26.8) | 4208 (61.4) |
| Level III trauma center | 1900 (38.4) | 769 (11.2) |
| Admission to hospital, No. (%) | 2047 (41.4) | 1842 (26.9) |
| In-hospital death, No. (%) | 61 (1.2) | 57 (0.8) |
Abbreviations: AIS, Abbreviated Injury score; GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale; ISS, Injury Severity score; NA, not applicable.
Respiratory rate was missed in 324 participants (6.5%), systolic blood pressure in 345 (7.0%), oxygen saturation level in 662 (13.4%), and GCS score in 230 (4.6%).
Sex was missed in 857 participants (12.5%), respiratory rate in 1973 (28.8%), systolic blood pressure in 1145 (16.7%), oxygen saturation in 1431 (20.9%), GCS score in 288 (4.2%), and ISS in 5017 (73.1%) (among the patients discharged from the emergency department).
Scores range from 3 to 15, with higher scores indicating higher level of consciousness.
Scores range from 0 to 12, with higher scores indicating better vital signs.
Defined as systolic blood pressure less than 90 mm Hg and/or respiratory frequency greater than 29 breaths/min.
Mechanism criteria include fall of greater than 2 m, motor vehicle crash at greater than 32 km/h, or any type of entrapment.
Scores range from 0 to 75, with higher scores indicating more severe injuries.