Table 1. Characteristics of 5 Included Studies Assessing the Role of Tranexamic Acid in Reducing Intraoperative Bleeding and Postoperative Edema and Ecchymosis in Primary Elective Rhinoplasty.
| Characteristic | No. of Studies |
|---|---|
| Year of publication | |
| 2015 | 2 |
| 2016 | 1 |
| 2017 | 1 |
| 2018 | 1 |
| Journal | |
| Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal | 1 |
| The Journal of Craniofacial Surgery | 1 |
| Journal of Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery | 1 |
| Aesthetic Plastic Surgery | 1 |
| Annals of Plastic Surgery | 1 |
| Country | |
| Iran | 4 |
| Turkey | 1 |
| Study design | |
| Randomized clinical trial | 5 |
| Level of evidence | |
| 1 | 4 |
| 2 | 1 |
| Age of patients, mean (SD) [range] | 27 (7) [16-42] |
| Sample size, mean (SD) [range] | 66 (19) [50-96] |
| Funding | |
| None | 3 |
| University medical school | 2 |
| Tranexamic acid dosing | |
| 10 mg/kg Before surgery | 2 |
| 10 mg/kg Before surgery, 3 doses every 8 h after surgery | 1 |
| 1 g 2 h Before surgery | 1 |
| 1 g 2 h Before surgery, 1 g 3 times a day for 5 d after surgery | 1 |
| Placebo dosing | |
| Placebo pill | 3 |
| 10 mL Normal saline | 1 |
| 20 mL Normal saline | 1 |
| Other intervention dosing | |
| None | 3 |
| 8 mg IV dexamethasone, 8 mg IV dexamethasone plus 10 mg/kg tranexamic acid | 1 |
| 1 mg/kg IV methylprednisolone | 1 |
| Clinical heterogeneity | |
| Homogeneous | 5 |
Abbreviation: IV, intravenous.