a, Expression of surface markers on conventional mature monocytes and HPCs infected with NR-1 or Mock at 14 dpi. BM, bone marrow. b,c, NR-1-infected HPCs at 14 dpi displayed delayed apoptosis (b) and increased cell viability (c) compared to mature monocytes and Mock-infected HPCs. d, Cytokine level in mature monocytes and HPCs infected with NR-1 or Mock at 14 dpi. Data are presented as the mean ± s.e.m. of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 as determined by the two-tailed t-test (the P values are detailed in Supplementary Table 1).