TABLE 2.
Characteristics of the Australian, the US, and the UK Biobank samples of European ancestry1
| Mean ± SD (range) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Australian | ||
| n = 1757 from 942 families, comprised of 222 complete MZ pairs, 427 complete DZ twin pairs, and 459 unpaired twins and siblings; 54.1% female | Age, y | 16.1 ± 2.7 (12.0–25.8) |
| Glucose intensity | 31.6 ± 16.1 (2.5–111.0) | |
| Fructose intensity | 32.0 ± 17.7 (2.0–114.0) | |
| NHDC intensity | 34.7 ± 18.9 (2.0–114.0) | |
| Aspartame intensity | 26.6 ± 16.4 (0–112.5) | |
| gSweet | 31.4 ± 15.2 (4.4–102.6) | |
| US | ||
| n = 686 from 347 families, comprised of 310 complete MZ pairs, 29 complete DZ twin pairs, and 8 unpaired twins and siblings; 74.5% female | Age, y | 36.8 ± 15.5 (18.0–80.0) |
| Sucrose intensity | 3.4 ± 1.4 (0–7.6) | |
| Sucrose sweetness | 5.0 ± 1.7 (0–7.6) | |
| Sucrose liking | 4.8 ± 1.5 (0–7.6) | |
| UK Biobank | ||
| n = 174,424 for intake of total sugar; n = 21,447 for intake of sweets;2 54.5% female3 | Age,3 y | 56.41 ± 7.9 (39.0–72.0) |
| Intake of total sugars, g/d | 121.1 ± 50.7 (0–1156.9) | |
| Intake of sweets,2 handfuls/d | 1.0 ± 1.1 (0.25–5.0) | |
1DZ, dizygotic; gSweet, the general sweet factor (a weighted mean of ratings of glucose, fructose, NHDC, and aspartame); MZ, monozygotic; NHDC, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone. The Australian sample rated perceived intensity of sweet solutions using a general labeled magnitude scale; the US sample rated perceived intensity, sweetness, and liking for sucrose solution using a visual analog scale.
2Intake of sweets was only collected from participants who reported consuming any biscuits (cookies), chocolate, or sweets (candies).
3Based on the sample of 174,424 participants with intake of total sugars.