TABLE 3.

Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care 9 Signal Functions

Basic Services	Comprehensive Services
1. Administer parenteral antibiotics	Perform signal functions 1 through 7 plus:
2. Administer uterotonic drugs (i.e., parenteral oxytocin, misoprostol)	8. Surgery (cesarean delivery)
3. Administer parenteral anticonvulsants for preeclampsia (i.e., magnesium sulfate)	9. Blood transfusion
4. Manually remove the placenta
5. Remove retained products of conception (e.g., manual vacuum extraction, misoprostol, dilation and curettage)
6. Perform assisted vaginal delivery (e.g., vacuum extraction, forceps delivery)
7. Perform basic neonatal resuscitation (e.g., bag and mask)

Source: WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF, and Mailman School of Public Health.²⁷