A, Neurite growth in SH-SY5Y cells treated with exosomes derived from non-treated Caco-2 cells (Exo-ctrl), from Caco-2 cells treated with 10 mM carnosine (Exo-Car10), and neurite growth in non-treated SH-SY5Y cells (NT) and cells treated with retinoic acid (RA) were shown. B, Neurite growth in SH-SY5Y cells was quantitatively determined using the IN Cell Analyzer 1000. C-E, Expression of neuronal cell marker genes of nestin (C), vimentin (D) and neurofilament medium (NEFM; E) was quantitatively determined by qRT-PCR. Neurite growth in primary mouse cortex neurons treated with exosomes (Exo-ctrl, Exo-Car1 and Exo-Car10) was quantitatively determined using the IN Cell Analyzer 1000 as described above (F).