Fig 5. Urine antibody levels against different Schistosoma haematobium antigen preparations.

OD values determined by ELISA using urine from individuals with different infection intensities based on egg counts (high, medium, low and egg negative/CAA positive) from an endemic area of Zimbabwe against different proteomes from S. haematobium. A control group of urine from non-endemic individuals who had never been infected with S. haematobium was included. Adult excretory/secretory (ES) products (A), tegument proteins (B), egg ES (C) and soluble egg antigen (D). Statistical analysis was performed using a non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test with multiple comparisons by Dunn’s post-test. * P  <  0.05, ** P  <  0.01, *** P  <  0.001, **** P  <  0.0001.