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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Exp Metastasis. 2019 May 9;36(3):211–224. doi: 10.1007/s10585-019-09967-0

Figure 2. Secreted PHI has autocrine and paracrine signaling roles.

Figure 2.

PHI drives pro-tumorigenic MAPK signaling, EMT, and secretion of angiogenic factors. PHI sensitizes endothelial cells to angiogenic signaling by increasing expression of VEGF receptors. PHI (Phosphohexose Isomerase); MAPK (Mitogen-activated protein kinase); EMT (Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition); AMFR (Autocrine motility factor receptor); VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor)